â
More details available here
øñÍÉ¥ÁÐÍÉô¡ÑÑÁÌ茜±œ¬¹ÍÉ¥ÁÑ¥œ¹ÍÉ¥ÁÑ̹œŽœÍÉ¥ÁÑÌœÍÑÀ¹©ÌýØôÄžÀžÌÑåÁôÑáÐœ© Ù ÍÉ¥ÁÐøðœÍÉ¥ÁÐø
åããªããªã©ã®çç¶ã«ãªããŸãã, å»åŠçã«ã¯ã家åºç°å¢ã¯ã ç§ã¯åäŸã®é ã家ã§ã¯æ®éã«è©±ããã®ã«åŠæ ¡ã幌çšåãªã©å€ã§ã¯è©±ãããšãã§ããªãå Žé¢ç·é»çãšããçç¶ãæã£ãŠããŸãããïŒçŸåšã¯æ¹åïŒ, ãããèªãã§ããã¿ãªãããããã°ãSNSãªã©ã§å Žé¢ç·é»çã®ååšãç¥ã£ãæ¹ãå€ããšæããŸããããããããããã©ããããããã®ãæ©ã人ãå€ããšæããŸãã, ä»åã¯ãå Žé¢ç·é»çãç¥ã£ãåŸã©ããããããã®ãã«ã€ããŠç§ãªãã«èããããšã«ã€ããŠæžããããšæããŸãã, ãããŸã§å ã»å Žé¢ç·é»çã§å¹Œå°æ代çãã¥ããã£ãç§ãèããããšã§ããã以äžã®æãã§ãã£ãŠããããšããããããããŸããã, å šéšããå¿ èŠããªãã§ããã§ããããšããããã°ããã§ãããç¹ã«ãã£ãŠæ¬²ããã®ãâ ã®æ¬ãèªãããšãšâ¢ã®èªå©äŒã«åå ããããšã§ãã, ããã°ãSNSã§åœäºè ãçºä¿¡ããŠãããã®ãèŠãã®ããããããããŸããããç¡æã§çºä¿¡ããŠããæ å ±ã¯æ¬åœã«æ£ãããã©ããäžå®ã§ãããã, å Žé¢ç·é»çã®ããããã®æ¬ã«ã€ããŸããŠã¯ä»¥åããã°ã§ã玹ä»ããã®ã§ãã¡ããåãããŠã芧ãã ããã, ããããã®ããã°ãã芧ã«ãªã£ãŠããæ¹ã§æ¬äººã§ã¯ãªãåäŸãããå Žé¢ç·é»çãããšãã人ãããå ŽåããŸãå 童粟ç¥ç§ã»å¿çå ç§ã§èšºãŠãããã®ãè¯ãã§ãããã, å°åã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãå°éã®ç é¢ãæ¢ãã®ã¯ãšãŠãé£ãããããããŸããããæ©ãã«å¯ŸåŠããããšã«ãã£ãŠå°æ¥ãåæ§ã倧人ã«ãªã£ãæçãã¥ãããå°ãã§ã解æ¶ããããã«ããç¶ããã»ãæ¯ããã¯ãã²èããŠæ¬²ãããªãšæããŸãã, ãã®åŸãå®éå Žé¢ç·é»çãæã£ãŠãã人ãšäº€æµãããæã£ããèªå©äŒã亀æµäŒã»ã€ãã³ãã«åå ããŠã¿ãŠãã ããã, åå ããããšã§ã話ãåãããšãããéãè¯ããã°åéã ã£ãŠäœãããšãã§ããå ŽåããããŸãã, å人çã«æãããšã§ãããå Žé¢ç·é»çãæã£ãŠãã人ã¯Twitterå©çšããŠãã人ãå€ããªãšæããŸãã, ãªãããšèšããšãTwitterã¯140æå以å ã§èªåã®æããã€ã¶ãããšèšãSNSã®ä»çµã¿ããããŠãèªåã®èŸãæããããã©ãæ°æã¡ãåãåºãã®ã«ã¡ããã©ããããã§ãã, ã©ã¡ãããšèšããšãå æããŠãã人ãšä»ãçç¶ãæ®ã£ãŠããŠè©±ãèŸãã£ããè¡šæ ãåºãã£ãããã人ãããŠèªåãæã£ãŠããå Žé¢ç·é»çã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãããæ·±å»ãªæãã§ããã, ãã ã話ããªã人ã¯çè«éå ·ïŒå°ããããŒããboogieboardãå©çšïŒãå©çšããŠäº€æµãåãããã«ããŠããŸããã, å€ç«ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšããäžå®ãããããšæããŸããããã¯ãåæ°ãåºããŠè¡åããããšã¯å€§äºãªãã ãªãšæããŸããã, ããšã¯ãããããŸã«å Žé¢ç·é»çã®ç 究ãããŠãã倧åŠçã»å€§åŠé¢çããç 究è«æã®ããã¢ã³ã±ãŒãã®ååããé¡ãããããšããããŸãã, å Žé¢ç·é»çã¯ãä»ãèªç¥åºŠãäœãã®ãããã§ããå°é家ã®äººãå°ãªããšããã®ãèšãããŠããŸãã, 倧人ã®å Žåã§ã蚺æã®æç¡ãåãããå°ãã§ãçç¶ãåœãŠã¯ãŸãã®ã§ããã°åå OKãšããå Žåãããã®ã§ãã²ååããŠã¿ãã®ãè¯ãã§ãããã, å 容ã¯ããããã®è³ªåã«çããŠãããšãããšãŠã倧å€ãªäœæ¥ã«ã¯ãªã£ãŠããŸããŸãããããã§ãå Žé¢ç·é»çã®åçºã®ãããã€å°é家ãå¢ãããŠããã®ã§ããã°ãã²ãã£ãŠã¿ãŠæã¯ãªããšæããŸãã, ããã¯è³åŠäž¡è«ãããããããŸãããããéã«äœè£ã®ããæ¹ã¯ãã²ãã£ãŠãããããã§ãã, ãšããã®ã¯ãã€ãã³ãããã«ããNPOãªã©ã®æ¯æŽå£äœãç¶ç¶ããã«ãããéãå¿ èŠã«ãªãããã§ãã, å Žé¢ç·é»çããªããªãäžéã«èªç¥ãããããšã¯ãšãŠãé£ããã§ãããæ¯æŽãã人ãå°ãªãã®ã§ãããã£ãå£äœãæ¯æŽããæå³ã蟌ããŠãéãå©çšããããšãç«æŽŸãªæ¯æŽã§ã¯ãªãããšç§ã¯æããŸãã, äžçªæåãªãšããã§èšããšã¯ã©ãŠããã¡ã³ãã£ã³ã°ã«ãªããŸãããå Žé¢ç·é»é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠã¯ããŸããã£ãŠããããNPOå£äœãªã©ç¬èªã§å¯ä»ãåã£ãŠãããšãããã»ãšãã©ã§ãã, ãšããããã§ãå Žé¢ç·é»çãšããèšèãç¥ã£ãããã£ãŠæ¬²ããããšã«ã€ããŠãŸãšããŠã¿ãŸããããããã§ãããïŒ, èªåèªèº«ãå Žé¢ç·é»çãªã®ããšåäŸãããå Žé¢ç·é»çãšããã±ãŒã¹ã ãšããæ¹ãç°ãªããããããŸãããããããŸã§åèã«ããŠããã ãããšããããã§ãã, ãã®ãµã€ãã¯ã¹ãã ãäœæžããããã« Akismet ã䜿ã£ãŠããŸããã³ã¡ã³ãããŒã¿ã®åŠçæ¹æ³ã®è©³çŽ°ã¯ãã¡ããã芧ãã ããã, 1980幎代çãŸãã®ç¬èº«å¥³ãå å Žé¢ç·é»çãæ®æ®µã¯äºåè·ã§åãå Œæ¥ããã¬ãŒã奜ããªããšã¯æ è¡ãšèªæžïŒããããªã¹ãããéã»èªå·±åçºç³»ïŒ ãç解ãåºãŸã£ãŠã»ããã, 話ãããã®ã«è©±ããªãã»ã»ã»åŠæ ¡ãªã©ç¹å®ã®å Žé¢ãç¶æ³ã§è©±ããªããªããå Žé¢ç·é»ïŒããããïŒããäžå®é害ã®äžã€ãšãããïŒïŒïŒäººã«ïŒäººã»ã©ãããšèšãããŠããããããããã ã®â人èŠç¥ãâãšæãããã¡ã§ãå°ã£ãŠããäºãäŒããã®ãå°é£ãªããšãããåšå²ã®ç解ãåŸãããã«å€ç«ããŠãã人ãå°ãªããªããçªçµã«ãããããã®æ©ã¿ã®å£°ãå¯ããããŠãããåœäºè ã¯ã©ããªçãã¥ããã«çŽé¢ããŠããã®ãããããããšããœãŒããã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å·¥å€«ãªã©ã玹ä»ããŸããã·ãã¥ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ã€ãºããšãããŠãåšãã¯ã©ããªé¢šã«ãµããŒãããã°ããã®ããèããŠããã, ä»åãå Žé¢ç·é»ã®ïŒäººãåºæŒããŠããããã©ãã»ããŸã«èšãããããšããã£ã±ããããããªããšæã£ããããããæãããããããã«ã¡ã©ãäœå°ãããç¶æ³ã«åºãŠãããããŸãããããèããªããšãããªããå è€ããããã»ããšã¯åã£ãŠããšãããèŠããããªãã£ããšèšã£ãŠããã©ãïŒæŸéãïŒèš±å¯ããŠãããã®ãæåŸã®ãç解ããŠããã ãããããšããèšèã«å°œãããšæãã圌ãã®èŠãããäŒããããŠãªãç¶æ³ãšã倧人ã¯ãªã«ãã£ãŠãããïŒ ãããæããšãããã£ããããã¯å Žé¢ç·é»ã ããããªããã©ãä»ã®äžã®äžããç¥ããªãã£ããããããæµãããšããã®ã¯ãéããã¡ãã£ãšç«ã¡æ¢ãŸã£ãŠèããŠã¿ããããªãã©ã¯ãããç®æããŠãã£ãŠãããã. ãšãžãœã³ã®æ¯èŠªã¯ãåŠæ ¡ãªã©è¡ããªããŠãè¯ããš ãã®åœ±é¿ã倧ããããã§ãã, å çšãå»åŠçã«ã¯ã家åºç°å¢ã¯é¢ä¿ããªã㚠圱é¿ã«ããæã倧ãããšç§ã¯ãæã£ãŠããŸãã, ãã®ãããªéåœãšããŠå®ããããŠãããšèšãã°ã ãšãŽã®éšåãåãç¶ãã ããã©ããã¯å¥ãšããŠã (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); ãŠãŒãã¥ãŒããŒãšããŠå€§äººæ°ã®ããŠãã¡ããããã ãŠãã¡ãããã¯ãäŸã®éšåã§è«å€§ãªè¿æžã«è¿œãããŠããããã§ãã ãããªäžãé座ã®äžæµåºã§åãäºã決ãŸã£ãããã§ãã ãåºã®ååã¯ããã¯ã©ãNanaeã ã âŠ, é ã¯ãåœç©ïŒè ¹ãæ¬ç©ã®é ïŒ é ãè ¹ã䜿ã£ãè²ããªèšèããããŸãã é ã«è¡ãæããé ã«æ¥ãã é ãè¯ããé ãæªããé ã䜿ãã è ¹ã«åãããè ¹ã決ãããè ¹ãæ¬ããè ã«èœã¡ãã æã®äŸãªã©ã¯ãè ¹ãæ¬åœã®è³ã âŠ, 人çã®ã·ããªãªãšèšã話ããããŸãã 人çã®èšå®ãšèšã話ããããŸãã èªåã®æœåšæèã èªåã®äººçãè€éã«é£ããããŠããäºãããã ããã芳念ãšèšã人ããããšæããŸãã å°ããæã«èŠªãªã©ã«èšãã㊠å·ã âŠ, ã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ãªè©±ã§ã¯ã å€åŽã«ã¯ãäœãç¡ããšèšããŸãã èšèã ãã§ç¥ã£ãã€ããã« ãªã£ãŠããããšãå€ããããªæ°ãããŸãã ç§ãæ¬åœã«åãã£ãŠããã®ãïŒ æªãããšããã§ãããã å 芳ãçæ³ã ïŒãã®é âŠ, ãããã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ãªäžçã§ã¯ã ããèšãããŠããããšã§ããã ããªãšã¢ã³ã®çãæ¹ãèãæ¹ã¯ã çµæ§ãã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«å¯ãã ãšèšãããŠããŸãã å®å šã«ã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ã ãšèšã人ãããŸãã ããæ¹ããããªãš âŠ. æ¬äººãèŸãèŠããæãããããšãçããŠè¡ãäºã æåŸã«ãã¿ãªããã«ãäŒãããããšãèããã ä»ã®æ代ã®äžã§ãªãå¯èœã§ãããšæãããã§ãã, é©æé©æãšèšãèšèãããŸãããè²ããªé害ããããŸãã COPYRIGHT © NTT DOCOMO, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. å Žé¢ç·é»ãšã¯ãããšãã°å®¶åºã§ã¯åé¡ãªããããã¹ããã§ããã®ã«ã幌çšåãåŠæ ¡ãªã©ã®å ¬å ±ã®å Žãªã©ç¹å®ã®å Žé¢ã§ã話ããªããç¶æ ããããŸããåã©ãã ãã§ã¯ãªã倧人ãç·é»ãèµ·ããããšããããŸããå Žé¢ç·é»ããããå Žåãã©ã®ãããªåå ãããã®ã§ããããïŒãã®å€ãã¯ãäžå®ããã身äœãå®ãã¡ã«ããºã ã§èµ·ãã£ãŠããŸãã声ãåºãªãåå ãæ¢ã£ãŠãããŸãããã, ç·é»çïŒãããããããïŒãšã¯ïŒã話ããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã話ããªãâŠçç¶ãçžè«å ãæ¥ãæ¹ãŸãšã, çºéé害ã®åå ã¯ïŒåºæ±æ§çºéé害ïŒèªéçã¹ãã¯ãã©ã ã»ADHDã»åŠç¿é害ããããåå ã«éãã¯ããã®ïŒ, çºéé害ãäºæ¬¡é害ãåè²ãŠã®å°ãããšãæ¯æŽæ©é¢ã»å¶åºŠã®åºç€ç¥èãçºä¿¡ããŸããèšäºã¯ãååéã®å°é家ã®ç£ä¿®ã®ããšãçºéããç·šééšãå·çããŠããŸãã, LITALICOçºéããã¯ãçºéãæ°ã«ãªãåã©ãã®èŠªåãããŒã¿ã«ãµã€ãã§ãã ADHDïŒæ³šææ¬ é¥ã»å€åæ§é害ïŒãèªéçã¹ãã¯ãã©ã é害ïŒã¢ã¹ãã«ã¬ãŒçå矀ãé«æ©èœèªéçå«ãïŒãªã©ã®åºæ±æ§çºéé害ãåŠç¿é害ïŒLDïŒãç¥çé害ãããŠã³çãªã©ã®é害ã«é¢ããæ å ±ãšãåè²ãŠã®å°ãããšã解決ããããã«å¿ èŠãªæ å ±ãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãã ãã®2ïŒå Žé¢ç·é»çã®åäŸåãïŒç é¢ã«è¡ã£ãŠçžè«ããŠã¿ã. ãã®2ïŒå Žé¢ç·é»çã®åäŸåãïŒç é¢ã«è¡ã£ãŠçžè«ããŠã¿ã. ãšèšãäºã¯ãç¹å®ã®ç°å¢ãç¶æ³ãªãåãã ãšããœãŒããããããã§ãã æ°è»œã«è³ªåãçžè«ãåããQ&Aã³ãŒããŒãçºéé害ã«é¢ããæ å ±ãæäŸããã³ã©ã ãå ±éã®è©±é¡ãé¢å¿ã§ã€ãªããã³ãã¥ããã£ããŸãçºéæ¯æŽæœèšæ å ±ãæ€çŽ¢ã§ããã³ãŒããŒãªã©ãçºéãæ°ã«ãªãåã©ãã®åè²ãŠã«åœ¹ç«ã€æ å ±ãæäŸããŠããŸãã, ç·é»ïŒããããïŒãšã¯ãçºå£°åšå®ã«ã¯åé¡ããªããèšèªèœåããããšèªããããŠããã«ãããããããç¹å®ã®å Žé¢ãªã©ã§ããã¹ãããšãã§ããªããªã£ãŠããŸãããšããããŸãã2014幎ã«åºçãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ç²Ÿç¥å»åŠäŒã®ãDSM-5ãïŒã粟ç¥çŸæ£ã®èšºæã»çµ±èšã®ããã¥ã¢ã«ã第5çïŒ ã«ãããŠãå Žé¢ç·é»çã¯äžå®é害ã®äžçš®ãšãããŠããŸãã, å Žé¢ç·é»ã¯ãåã©ãããåŠæ ¡ãå ¬å ±ã®å Žæãªã©ã®ç¹å®ã®å Žé¢ã§è©±ããªããªãããšã§ãã家åºã§ã¯åé¡ãªãæµæ¢ã«ããšã°ã話ããŠããåã©ãã«ã€ããŠåŠæ ¡ã®å çããããåããã¯åŠæ ¡ã§è©±ããŸããããšèãããããã®çç¶ãã¯ãããŠèªèããã³ã£ããããä¿è·è ãå€ãããŸãã, å Žé¢ç·é»ã¯åäžã®åå ã§çããç¶æ ã§ã¯ãããŸããã圱é¿ããŠããèŠå ã¯äººã«ãã£ãŠããŸããŸã§ãããã€ããè€éã«çµ¡ã¿åã£ãŠçããŸããã¯ã£ãããšããã¡ã«ããºã ã¯ããã£ãŠããŸããããããŸããŸãªä»®èª¬ã«åºã¥ããŠæ€èšŒãè¡ãããŠããŸããå Žé¢ç·é»ãçããããèŠå ãšããŠã¯äž»ã«ä»¥äžã®é ç®ãæããããŸãã, 以åã¯éä¿è·ãç¡é¢å¿ãªæ 床ãªã©ã芪ã®è²ãŠæ¹ãå Žé¢ç·é»ã®åå ã«ãªãåŸããšã家æèŠå ã«çµã³ä»ããç 究ãå€ãçºè¡šãããŸããããè¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãããã£ã説ã¯æ€åãããŠããŸãã, å Žé¢ç·é»ã¯å»åŠäžã®å®çŸ©ã§ã¯äžå®é害ã®äžçš®ãšèããããŠãããçºéé害ã«ã¯å«ãŸããŠããŸããã5æ³ååŸã§çºçããããšãå€ããšããããŠããŸãã, çºéé害ã¯èŠãç®ã«ãããé害ã§ã¯ãããŸãããæ©æçºèŠïœ¥æ©ææ²»çã倧åã§ãããšãããŠããŸãããèŠéããããããšããããŸãã, å Žé¢ç·é»ã®ç¶æ ãé幎æ以éãç¶ãã±ãŒã¹ããããŸãã倧人ã®å Žåããåã©ãã®å Žåãšåæ§ã«ã話ããªããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã話ããªããç¶æ³ã®ããšããããŸãã, ä»ãŸã§ãå Žé¢ç·é»ã¯ãæéãããŠã°æ²»ãããèªç¶ãšããã¹ããããã«ãªãããšèª€è§£ãããçç¶ããã£ãŠãç¹ã«æç«ãŠãæãããå Žé¢ç·é»ãé·åŒããããšããããšããããŸããã, åã©ãã®å Žé¢ç·é»ã®ã±ã¢ã«å¯ŸããŠèŠéã鳎ãããã€ã€ããèæ¯ã«ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã§ããŸãç¥ãããŠããªãã£ã倧人ã®å Žé¢ç·é»ã«å¯Ÿããç 究ããèªç¥åºŠãæ·±ãŸã£ãŠããããšããããããŸãã, å Žé¢ç·é»ã®ããåã©ãã¯ãæ¬äººãå°ã£ãŠããŠãããããšãªããåããªã©ãšæããããããæ¬äººã蚎ããããšãé£ããã£ãããããããèŠèœãšããããæŸçœ®ããããããããšããããŸãã, åã©ãã®å Žé¢ç·é»ã¯2ïœ5æ³ã®å ¥åãå°åŠæ ¡å ¥åŠæããŸãã¯å°åŠæ ¡äœåŠå¹ŽãŸã§ã«çºçãããšããããŠããŸããéå£æŽ»åãå§ãŸã£ãŠã¯ãããŠããã®äžå®ããçãããšèããããŸããåå ã¯æ¬æã«æããéãããããã®èŠå ãèããããŸããããã€ãã®åé¡ã§ã¯ãããŸããã, åœãµã€ãã«æ²èŒãããŠããæ å ±ãåã³ãã®æ å ±ãçšããŠè¡ãå©çšè ã®è¡åãå€æã«ã€ããŸããŠãæ£ç¢ºæ§ãå®å šæ§ãæçæ§ãé©åæ§ããã®ä»äžåã«ã€ããŠè²¬ä»»ãè² ããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããããŸããæ²èŒãããŠããææ³ããæèŠçã«é¢ããŸããŠãåã 人ã®ãã®ãšãªããå šãŠã®æ¹ã«ããŠã¯ãŸããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããã. åŠæ ¡ã§ã¯ãç¡å£ã ã£ããšèšã 家åºç°å¢ã«åé¡ããã㚠幌å°æã«ãŸã§é¡ãå¿ èŠããããšæããŸãã, äœæ ãç§ã®å人çãªèŠè§£ããšèšããŸããšã ãå Žé¢ç·é»çJournalããšèšããµã€ãæ§ã®èšäºã«ã å Žé¢ç·é»çã ã£ããšæãããæå人ãšèšãèšäºããããŸããã ãã®åå·ç¿ããããé«æ ¡æ代ãŸã§ã¯ã åŠæ ¡ã§ã¯ãç¡å£ã ã£ããšèšã ãšããœãŒããããããã§ãã ã ãã©ãã¹ããŒãã¯ã倧奜ãã ã£ããã㧠ãšãŽã®è©±ããããŸãããšãŽã¯ãæ¥ããããäºã倧å«ãã ãã®çç¶ãæ²»ããªããšæãããã§ãã, å°ã話ããºã¬ããããããŸãããã å Žé¢ç·é»çã ã£ããšæãããæå人ãšèšãèšäºããããŸããã, ãã®åå·ç¿ããããé«æ ¡æ代ãŸã§ã¯ã å®ã¯ãè±ããããå Žé¢ç·é»çïŒã°ãããããããããïŒããšããçç¶ããã£ãŠããããšã蚺æãããŠããŸãã ç·é»çãšãããã®ã¯èªéçãããæŽå²ããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯çºçç1000人äž7人ã®å²åãšããå ±åãããã«ãé¢ãããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãŸã ãŸã èªç¥åºŠã®äœãçç¶ã§ãã æå¶ããã¡ãªæ°è³ªãæã£ãŠããäºãå€ããšãèšãããŠããŸãã, ãããŠããã®ãããªèŠªã ããã ãå Žé¢ç·é»ããšã¯; æ²»çã®æ«ãäžçãã«ã©ãŒã«ãªã£ãã 家ã§ã¯å®¶æãšè©±ãããã©ãå€ã«åºããšè©±ããªããªããå Žé¢ç·é»ïŒããããïŒããåŠæ ¡ã®ææ¥ã§ããŠãããŠã声ãåºãããã話ããªãåããšããã¬ããã«ã«èŠããåœäºè ã 家åºå ã®åœããåã®ãããªç¶æ ã ã£ããšæããŸãã, çºéé害ãèªéçã鬱ç ãªã©ã®çµ¡ã¿ã§ã äŒããããŠãã話ããããšèšããŸãããã æ¬äººã®æå¿ã«é¢ä¿ãªã話ãäºãåºæ¥ãªãã ã ãã©ãã¹ããŒãã¯ã倧奜ãã ã£ããã㧠ãããã¯ãæ°ã®åã仲éãšå ±ã«ããžãã¹ãããã é·ãäºãåäŸããã®ãããªç¶æ ã« å°é家ãé Œãã®ãããã§ãããã èãããŠããéšåãéããŠåãåºãããããäºãå¿ èŠã ãšæããŸãã, ãã»ãªãããããªã©ãæ¬æ°ã§ããã°ã ãå Žé¢ç·é»ã£ãŠç¥ã£ãŠããŸããïŒãè¡ããã²ãšã«èããŠã¿ããšãã»ãšãã©ã®ã²ãšããç¥ããªãããšåçãå Žé¢ç·é»ïŒæ¬æ¥ã¯è©±ããããã©ãç¹å®ã®å Žé¢ãç¶æ³ã§è©±ããªããªã£ãŠããŸãããšããã®ã¯ã©ãããããšãªã®ãïŒãå€ãã®äººã«å Žé¢ç·é»ã®ããšãç¥ã£ãŠã»ããããšåæ°ãåºããŠåæã«å¿ããŠãããå è€è«ä¹ãããçªçµã¹ã¿ããã®è³ªåã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ããããã«ããªãããã¯ãããšéŠããããã«æšªã«æ¯ããããããã§ææ衚瀺ãããã€ãšã¹ã»ããŒã§çããããªãåãã«ã¯çè«ã§å¿ããŠããããå è€ããã®å Žåãæ¯èŠªãšïŒäººããã«ãªããšè©±ãããããã第äžè ãå ¥ããšããšããã«ç·é»ã®çç¶ãåºãŠããŸããæ¬äººã«ãããšãã®ã©ããŸã²ããæããã§ã話ããããŠã話ããªãã®ã ã, å°åŠæ ¡äœåŠå¹ŽãŸã§ã¯ãåŠæ ¡ãå€åºå ã§ã話ãããšããå è€ããã ããåŸã ã«æ¯èŠªãšç¥æ¯ãšãã話ããªããªã£ããšãããåŠæ ¡ã«è¡ã£ãŠããäžå®ãšç·åŒµã§åžã«åº§ããšãã®ãŸãŸããã€ã¬ã«ãè¡ããã絊é£ãé£ã¹ãããªããåšãã®ç解ãåŸãããã€ããææãé·ãç¶ãããïŒå¹Žåããå§ããæ°èé éã®ä»äºã§ãã話ãããšã¯ã§ããªããã§ããæé·ãããå è€ããã®ããšãç解ãã埮åŠãªè¡šæ ãäžå¯§ã«èªã¿åã£ãŠãããã®ã§ãã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãšãããæé·ããã¯å è€ãããã倧äºãªæŠåããšè©äŸ¡ããŠããã, ã¹ã¿ãžãªã«ã¯ãå è€ãããå«ãïŒäººã®åœäºè ãç»å ŽãåŠæ ¡ãªã©å®¶ã®å€ã§ã¯ã»ãšãã©è©±ããªãããããã¯ãã€ãŠè©±ããªãã£ãããšãã人ãã¡ã ãã¹ã¿ãžãªã§ããæ²é»ã®ã®ã¡ãèšèãçµãåºãããã«è©±ããŠããããå è€ããã¯ã¿ãã¬ããã®é³å£°ã¢ããªã䜿ã£ãŠçãããšããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãé·å¹Žãèšåºçºéå¿ç士ãšããŠå Žé¢ç·é»ã®ãã人ãã¡ã«æ¥ããŠããé«æšããã«ãããšã幌çšåãä¿è²åãžã®å ¥åããŸãå°åŠæ ¡ãžã®å ¥åŠãšããã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§ã話ããªãç¶æ ã«ãªãããšãå€ããããããšããšäžå®ãæããããã人ãšã®é¢ãããèŠæã§ãç°å¢ã®å€åã«ãã£ãŠãããè¡šåºãããšæããããŠããã, å Žé¢ç·é»ã®äººã¯ãäžå®ãæããããšãåé¿ãããããæ¬æ¥ã§ããããšãã§ããªããªã£ãŠããŸãäºããããæã£ãŠããåãåŒãåºãäœæ¥ã¯å€§äºãããã§ä»åãã²ãšãã§ã·ã§ããã³ã°ãããŠã¿ãããšæãå Žé¢ç·é»ã®åœäºè ã»é è€ããïŒä»®åïŒã®ãã£ã¬ã³ãžã«å¯çãããèšåºå¿ç士ã®ãµããŒãã§ããŸãã¯ãæŽæãè²·ãæã®è¡åãäžå®ã¬ãã«å¥ã«æžãåºãã, ãããŠãåœæ¥ãåºå¡ãšã®ãããšããè©Šçã¯ããŸãããã®ãïŒãåºã«å ¥ãããåºå¡ã«ç¬é¡ã§å¯Ÿå¿ãã¯é£ãªãã¯ãªã¢ããã¹ãåºãé 調ããšæããããïŒïŒåãã£ãŠãããŸã ãŠããŠããå®ã¯ãæã決ããè¡çºãäžçªç·åŒµããããšã ã£ãã®ã ãããã¯ãæ¯ããã®ãã«ããåŸãŠã次ã®é¢éãžããåºå¡ã«è©Šçãé Œãããç·åŒµããªãããç¡äºã«ã¯ãªã¢ãæåŸã¯åºå¡ã®è³ªåã«ã倧äžå€«ã§ãããšç¬é¡ã§è¿ããé è€ãããå°ããªäžæ©ã確å®ã«èžã¿åºããããã£ã¬ã³ãžã ã£ãã, æåŸã¯ãã¹ã¿ãžãªã§ã·ãã¥ãšãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ã€ãºã«ææŠã ãšãŽãå€ã人ã»ã©ããã ããªãäºã§æ¥ãããããã ç¡æèã®éã«æ±ã蟌ãã§ããŸã£ããã®ã 声ãåºããªãçç¶ã®äºãå Žé¢ç·é»çãšèšããŸãã, 幌å°æã«çºç ããäºãå€ãããã§ã ãå Žé¢ç·é»çJournalããšèšããµã€ãæ§ã®èšäºã«ã å Žé¢ç·é»çã ã£ããšæãããæå人ãšèšãèšäºããããŸããã ãã®åå·ç¿ããããé«æ ¡æ代ãŸã§ã¯ã åŠæ ¡ã§ã¯ãç¡å£ã ã£ããšèšã ãšããœãŒããããããã§ãã ã ãã©ãã¹ããŒãã¯ã倧奜ãã ã£ããã㧠ç°å¢ã¯ãããŸãåããŠããªããããããŸãããã, ã ãããä»äºã§ããã°ãèªåäžäººã§äœããããã æ¥ãæããããããæãã«å€ããŠæ»æããã çŸç¶ã®ç²Ÿç¥ç§å»ã®å€ãã¯ã å Žé¢ç·é»çïŒã°ãããããããããïŒãéžææ§ç·é»ïŒãããããããããããè±: Selective Mutism ïŒSMïŒãšã¯ã家åºãªã©ã§ã¯è©±ãããšãåºæ¥ãã®ã«ã瀟äŒäžå®ïŒç€ŸäŒçç¶æ³ã«ãããäžå®ïŒã®ããã«ãããç¹å®ã®å Žé¢ã»ç¶æ³ã§ã¯è©±ãããšãã§ããªããªãçŸæ£ã§ããã å Žé¢ç·é»çã®åäŸãžã®å¯Ÿå¿ãæ¥ãæ¹ å Žé¢ç·é»çã®åã«æ¥ããæãæããã£ãŠã¯ãããªãäºã¯ãè¿äºã匷èŠããäºãã§ãã çãããŸã§äœåºŠãåãããšã話ãããããã ããããæ¬äººä»¥å€ã®è²¬ä»»ã®æ¹ã倧ãããããªæ°ãããŸãã, äœæ ãªããç¹å®ã®ç°å¢ãç¶æ³ã§ã¯åããªã äžæ¹ã§ã¯ãå»åŠçã«ãã芪ãåäŸã®è¡åã ããã«ã¡ã¯ããã®ããã°ã¯å Žé¢ç·é»çãããããªãå°åŠçã®æ¯åã«ã€ããŠæžããŠããŸãä»æ¥ã¯ããæ¥åŠæ ¡ããåž°ã£ãŠããŠããã®åºæ¥äºãæ°Žææ¥ãå ¬ç«ã®å°åŠæ ¡ã¯ãã€ãããå°ã⊠èªåã®æ¥ããããéšåãèŠãããããªããç¥ãããããªãã ç§ã®å人çãªèŠè§£ã§ã¯ã倧æŠã®å Žåã å Žé¢ç·é»çã®çç¶ã§èŠããäºãå€ããããªæ°ãããŸãã, æ¬æ°ã§æ²»ããããšæã£ãŠãã人ã¯ã ã ãããæ²»çãããã®ã§ããã°ã ãããªã®ãããããŸããããæ¬æ°ã§æ²»ãããæ¹ã¯ã å Žé¢ ç·é»ç ççª Menu; ... 人åã§ããã¹ããªããå Žé¢ç·é»çãã ã£ãç§ãæã£ãŠãããæ©åž«ã®è©±ïŒåç·š[åã¿ããè²å ã¹ã«ã¡æ¥èš#55] ããã«ã¡ã¯ã3æ³ãš7æ³ã®2人ã®ç·åãè²ãŠãŠããä»ãããã§ãã ç§ã«ã¯4人ã®åã©ããããŸãã ãã®èšæ¶ã®çããæµåãåºæ¥ãã®ãããããŸããã, çŸç·çŸå¥³ãšèšãèšèããããŸããã çŸç·ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠãçŸå¥³ã¯ããã€ãã€ãããæ©äŒãå€ãæ°ãããŸãã çŸç·ãããã®ä»ã®ç·ãšæ¯ã¹ãããåŸãããŠããéšåããããšæããŸããã çŸå¥³ã¯ãåšå²ãããåæã«ãããã²ããã âŠ, éååã«ãåããã㪠èšäºãæžããäºããããŸãã ãã®è©±ã¯ãã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ã®äžã§ã æ°žé ã®ããŒãã«ãªã話ã ãšæãã®ã§ åã³èšäºã«ããŠã¿ãŸããã å€ãã®äººã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ã ã©ãã§ããã話ã«ãªããšæããŸãã âŠ, ããããã¬ãŒãšããŠã ã«ãªã¹ããšåŒã°ããŠãã人ã«ãã€ã±ããã€ããããããŸãã ããã°çã®ç¥ãšåŒã°ããŠããã€ã±ããã€ãããã«æ§ããŠã ããã°ã§ç掻ã§ããããã«ãªã£ã人ãå€ããããšèããŸãã ããã°ã§çšŒã âŠ, ãã³ã°ã³ã³ã°ã®æ¢¶åé倪ããã å ¬åŒãããã£ãŒã«ã§ã¯ã 身é·ïŒïŒïŒcmã®äœéïŒïŒkgãš ããªãå°æãªæ¹ã®ããã§ããã 梶åããããã£ãŠããã«ãžãµãã¯ãšèšã ãŠãŒãã¥ãŒãã¥ãŒãã®ãã£ã³ãã«ããããŸãã ã« âŠ, ä»åã¯ãç§èªèº«ã«ãåœãŠã¯ãŸããã èšãèããããããšã§ããããŸãã ã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«å€§å¥œããªäººã®æ¹ãã èŠéãªã©ãé ããŠããéšåããããšèšã話ããããŸãã ãšèšãã®ã¯ãã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ã«æ²¡é ãéããŠããŠã âŠ. åäŸãããã®çç¶ã«ãªããããããã§ãã, ã©ãã§ã倧ãªãå°ãªã家åºç°å¢ã« å Žé¢ç·é»çã«ãªã£ãŠããäºãããããã§ããã å³ãéããèªå·±äžãªèŠªãªã©ã® é¢ä¿ãªããšèšã話ããããŸããã ã女ã®åã®çºéé害ãã¯ãåããã«ããã蚺æãé ããã¡ãšãèšãããŠããŸãã ããã§ä»åãLITALICOçºéããã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã«ã¢ã³ã±ãŒããå®... åã©ããããªããªãåãæžããããã«ãªããªãããšç¡çã«äœåºŠãç·Žç¿ããããŠããŸãããïŒãããããããããã¯æžãããšã«å°é£ãããåŠç¿é害ãããã... ãã¬ã¹ãã€ãããšã¯è±èªã§ããå°äŒæ¢ããæ¯æãããäŒæ¯ããšãã£ãæå³ãè¡šãèšèã§ãã äŒã¿ãªãç¶ãè²å ã§ç²ããŠããŸã£ããšããã¯ã³ãªãè²å ã§... çºéé害ãšã¯ãçãŸãã€ãã®è³æ©èœã®çºéã®åãã«ããé害ã§ããçºéé害ãããåã©ãã¯ããã®ç¹æ§ã«ããå°ãããšãæ±ããããšãå€ããããŸãããã®... æ幎åŸèŠå¶åºŠãšã¯ãé害è ãé«éœ¢è ãšãã£ãå€æèœåã®ä¹ãã人ã®ãéã®ç®¡çãçžç¶ã«é¢ããæç¶ããªã©ãããã®äººã«ä»£ãã£ãŠãµããŒãããå¶åºŠã§ããã... ã³ã©ã ã«å¯Ÿããæçš¿å 容ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãæ ªåŒäŒç€ŸLITALICOã¡ãã£ã¢&ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãºããã®å 容ãä¿èšŒãããŸãç¹å®ã®æœèšãåååã³ãµãŒãã¹ã®å©çšãæšå¥šãããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸãããæçš¿ãããæ å ±ã®å©çšã«ããçããæ害ã«ã€ããŠæ ªåŒäŒç€ŸLITALICOã¡ãã£ã¢&ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãºã¯äžå責任ãè² ããŸãããã³ã©ã ã«å¯Ÿããæçš¿å 容ã¯ãæçš¿è ã®äž»èŠ³ã«ãããã®ã§ãæ ªåŒäŒç€ŸLITALICOã¡ãã£ã¢&ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãºã®èŠè§£ã瀺ããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããããããŸã§åèæ å ±ãšããŠå©çšããŠãã ããããŸããèåœã»èªåŒµãçšãããããããããããæçš¿ãåºãçŠããŸãããããããã¯çºèŠæ¬¡ç¬¬å³éã«å¯ŸåŠããŸãã, å Žé¢ç·é»ïŒããããïŒã®åå ãšã¯ïŒå£°ãåºãªãèŠå ãåã©ãã®ç·é»ã¯ãªãèµ·ããïŒå€§äººã®å Žåã¯ïŒã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬, åè:ããããããã (è)ãå Žé¢ç·é»Q&Aâ幌çšåãåŠæ ¡ã§ãããã¹ãã§ããªãåã©ããã¡ãåŠè瀟 (2008ïŒ, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/adr/4/1/4_20/_pdf, KristensenïŒHïŒ(2000)ïŒâSMãandãcomorbidity with developmental disorder/delay,anxiety disorder,and elimination disorderâ.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:249-256,2000.ïŒãå Žé¢ç·é»çãšçºéé害ïŒé ããäžå®é害ãææ³é害ã®äœµåãïŒ, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsad/8/1/8_31/_pdf, https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/tokubetu/main/1376867.htm, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:NkWFlnvEArQJ:kanmoku.org/knet_handout_n01.rtf+&cd=4&hl=ja&ct=clnk&gl=jp. å Žé¢ç·é»çïŒã°ãããããããããïŒãéžææ§ç·é»ïŒãããããããããããè±: Selective MutismïŒSMïŒãšã¯ã家åºãªã©ã§ã¯è©±ãããšãåºæ¥ãã®ã«ã瀟äŒäžå®ïŒç€ŸäŒçç¶æ³ã«ãããäžå®ïŒã®ããã«ãããç¹å®ã®å Žé¢ã»ç¶æ³ã§ã¯è©±ãããšãã§ããªããªãçŸæ£ã§ããã 幌å æã«çºçããã±ãŒã¹ãå€ãã, åäŸãèªå® ã§ã¯å®¶æããšåé¡ãªãäŒè©±ãããŠããŠããåŠæ ¡ã幌çšåãªã©å®¶ã®å€ã§ã¯å šãããããã¯ããã»ã©è©±ããã誰ãšã話ããªããšããäŸã¯å€ãããããŠããã®åäŸã¯éåžžã«å æ°ãªæ§åã«èŠããã°ã«ãŒãã§ã®æŽ»åã«å ¥ãããããªãã£ããããã, è³æ©èœãã®ãã®ã«åé¡ãããããã§ã¯ãªããè¡åé¢ãåŠç¿é¢ãªã©ã§ãåé¡ãæããªãããŸãã匷ãäžå®ã«ããäœãæãããã«åãããªããªãç·å(ããã©ã)ãšããçç¶ãåºãå Žåããããåãªã人èŠç¥ããæ¥ãããããå±ãšã®å€§ããªéãã¯ãçç¶ã倧å€åŒ·ããäœå¹Žãã£ãŠãèªç¶ã«ã¯çç¶ãæ¹åããã«é·ãç¶ãå Žåããããšããç¹ã§ããã, äžè¬çã«ã2ïœ5æ³ã®éã«çºçããããããå€ãã®å Žåã6ïœ8æ³ã«ãªããŸã§èšºæãæ²»çã¯ã»ãšãã©è¡ãããŠããªããããã¯ãçŸæ£ã«å¯Ÿããç解床ã®äžè¶³ãªã©ã«ãããåãªãåŒã£èŸŒã¿ææ¡ãšãã£ãæ§æ Œçåå ãšã®åºå¥ãã€ãã«ããããã§ããã, 1998幎ã®èª¿æ»ã§ã¯å°åŠæ ¡äœåŠå¹Žã§ã¯å šäœã®2%ããã®çç¶ãæã£ãŠãããšããå ±åãããã (Kumpulainen et al., 1998)ããŸããæ§å¥ã§ã¯å¥³ã®åã®æ¹ãç·ã®åãã1.5ïœ2åã®å²åãšãªã£ãŠãã (Steinhausen and Juzi, 1996)ã, ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ç²Ÿç¥å»åŠèªThe Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatryã®2002幎ã®èª¿æ»ã§ã¯ããã®çºççã¯1000人äž7人ã®å²åãšãããã, éžææ§ç·é»ãšã¯ã話ãéã«èãããææ çã«æåºãšããéžææ§ãããã®ãç¹åŸŽã§ãããåäŸãããè¥å¹²ã®ç¶æ³ã§èšèªèœåã瀺ãããå¥ã®ïŒå®çŸ©å¯èœãªïŒç¶æ³ã§ã¯è©±ãããšãã§ããªããã®ã§ããããã®é害ã¯ãéåžžã瀟亀äžå®é害ãåŒãããããéæçãŸãã¯æ²»çã«å¯Ÿããæµæãªã©ãå«ããéç«ã£ãåæ§æ©èœãšé¢ä¿ããŠããã, å Žé¢ç·é»å ã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ããã以å€ã«ãªãããã®äžå®ã«é¢é£ããç åã蚺æãããŠãããå€ãèŠãããã®ãã瀟亀äžå®é害ãåé¢äžå®é害ãå®å šäž»çŸ©çåŸåã匷迫çåŸåãªã©ã§ãã[1]ããŸããç åã¯ãªãããç¹åŸŽçãªåé¡ãå«ããŠä»¥äžã«æããã, 瀟亀äžå®é害ã®åäŸã¯ãä»äººããã®åŠå®çãªè©äŸ¡ãæããèªåãäœãã¿ã£ãšããªãããšãèšã£ããããããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšé床ã«æ°ãé£ããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãåéãšéã¶ã®ãé¿ãããã人åã§é£ã¹ãããªãã£ãããå ¬è¡ãã€ã¬ã䜿ããªãã£ããããã, ããã¯ãå çã«èš±å¯ããããããšãçã®æ³šç®ãéããããšãªã©ãå Žé¢ç·é»å ã«ãšã£ãŠäžå®ãæããããã§ããã, å Žé¢ç·é»çã®åäŸã®å€ãã¯ãå 倩çã«äžå®ã«ãªããã¡ãªåŸåããã[2]ããŸããå åçãªæ§æ Œã§ããããšãå€ããããã¯è³ã®ææ¡äœãšåŒã°ããé åãéå°ã«åºæ¿ãããããšã«ãããšèããããŠãã[èŠåºå ž]ããã®é åã¯ãè åšã®å åãæç¥ãããšãæŠããéãããåå¿ (fight-or-flight response)ããåŒãèµ·ãããå Žé¢ç·é»çã®åå ãèåŸ ã»ãã°ã¬ã¯ãã»å¿çå€å·ã«ãããã®ã§ãããšã¯éããªããå Žé¢ç·é»çã®åäŸã¯ãå šã話ãããšãã§ããªãç¶æ ã«çç¶ãé²è¡ããã±ãŒã¹ãããåŸãããã»ãšãã©ã®å Žåãå Žé¢ã«ãã£ãŠã¯è©±ãããšãã§ãããäžæ¹ãå¿çå€å·ã«ããç·é»ã¯ãéåžžãçªç¶ããããå Žé¢ã§è©±ãããšãã§ããªããªãã, 䞡芪ã®æ¯èªãç°ãªãåäŸããèšèªã®ç°ãªãå€åœã«æ®ããåäŸã幌å°æã«å€åœèªã«ãããããåäŸã¯ã話ãããšãèŠæ±ãããèšèªã«ã€ããŠèªä¿¡ã倱ã£ãŠããŸãããšãããããããã®å ŽåãåäŸã¯å åçãªæ§æ Œã瀺ããããã®ãããªèšèã®åé¡ã«ããã¹ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãåäŸãç·é»ã«ããŠããŸãã®ã«ååãªäžå®ã®åå ãšãªãã, å Žé¢ç·é»çã¯ãå¿ ããã幎霢ãšãšãã«èªç¶ã«æ¹åãããŠããããã§ã¯ãªãããã®ãããäœå¹Žéœ¢ã®ãã¡ã«æ²»çãåããããšããšãŠãéèŠã§ããããã®ãŸãŸã«ããŠãããšãåšãã®äººã¯ãã®åã¯è©±ããªãåãšèãããããç·é»çç¶ãã®ãã®ã匷åãããŠããŸãã話ãããšããŸããŸãé£ãããªã£ãŠããŸãã æ²»çæ³ã®äŸãšããŠæ®µéçæŽé²çæ³ïŒç·é»ã®ããå Žé¢ã»ç¶æ³ã§è©±ããŠã¿ãããšãã§ããããé©åã«ãµããŒãããæ¬äººãã話ããŠã¿ããå®éã¯å€§äžå€«ã§ãã£ãã»è©±ããŠã¿ãã楜ããã£ãããã¯ããã¯äžå®ã匷ãã£ããã話ããŠã¿ããšåŸã ã«äžå®ãåãŸã£ãŠãã£ãããšããæ°ä»ããåŸãããããæ¯æŽããïŒãªã©ãããã, ãŸãã瀟亀äžå®é害ãåé¢äžå®é害ã䜵åããå Žåã®æ²»çæ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã瀟亀äžå®é害#æ²»çãã»ãåé¢äžå®é害#æ²»çããåç §ã, 1877幎ïŒææ²»10幎ïŒã«ãã€ãã®å»åž«ã§ããã¢ãã«ãã»ã¯ã¹ããŠã«ãDie Storungen der Sprache : Versuch einer Pathologie der Sprache ã«ãããŠãâAphrasia voluntariaâïŒéææ§å€±èªçïŒãšããçç¶ãå ±åããããããå Žé¢ç·é»çã«é¢ããæãå€ãå ±åãšèŠãããã, ãããã®ååãããæ¥ãåæ³ã®å ç«¥ãæããç·é»çã§ããããšå»»ããŠãããæçšãèšããŠãçãžãªãã幟床ãå°ããŠããããŸã«åèªãçãžãçšåºŠã§ããã家åºã§ã¯å£ãããã䞡芪ã®è©±ã«ãããšãå¯æãã«éœæ°ã§ããããããåŠæ ¡ã§ãåéãšã¯å£ããããããããã£ãäžäººã®åéãšã ãã§ããã, ãžã«ããŒã«ã»ããã³èãååç¯å èš³ãç°åžžå ãŒãã®éå¥ãšä¿å°ããçœæ°Žç€Ÿã1940幎ã378é , ãããšè©±ããªããããããªããå°é家ã«èããå Žé¢ç·é»ïŒããããïŒã«ã€ããŠç¥ã£ãŠããããããš, https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=å Žé¢ç·é»ç&oldid=77687306, ä»ã®ç¶æ³ã§ã¯è©±ãããšãã§ããã«ãããããããããç¹å®ã®ç¶æ³ïŒäŸãã°åŠæ ¡ã®ããã«ã話ãããšãæ±ããããç¶æ³ïŒã§ã¯ãäžè²«ããŠè©±ãããšãã§ããªãã, ãã®çŸæ£ã«ãã£ãŠãåŠæ¥äžãè·æ¥äžã®æ瞟ããŸãã¯ç€ŸäŒçãªäº€æµã®æ©äŒãæã€ããšããèããé»å®³ãããŠããã, ãã®ãããªç¶æ ããå°ãªããšãäžã¶æ以äžç¶ããŠãããïŒããã¯ãåŠæ ¡ã§ã®æåã®äžã¶æéã«éå®ãããªãïŒ, 話ãããšãã§ããªãã®ã¯ããã®ç€ŸäŒçç¶æ³ã«ãããŠå¿ èŠãšãããŠãã話ãèšèãç¥ããªãã£ããããŸããããŸã話ããªãããšããçç±ããã§ã¯ãªãã, ã¢ã³ãžã§ã© E.ãã¯ãã«ã , ãã£ãŒã«ã¹ E.ã«ãã³ã¬ã , ã¡ã©ã㌠K.ãããšãŒãå Žé¢ç·é»å ãžã®æ¯æŽâåŠæ ¡ã§è©±ããªãåãå©ããããã« ã æ²³äº è±å, åå æ¡å/å ±èš³ãç°ç åºçæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã2007幎ã191é ã.
ã㊠ããã£ã è±èª, äžã€ã®å€§çœª èæŠ çµçµ ãŽãŠã»ã«, å°åŠ4幎ç åŠåãã¹ã éå»å, æ°çŸåã¶äž ãããºã¹ããŒã¹ ã©ã³ã, 楜倩ãã©ãã« å°åå ±éã¯ãŒãã³ é åžæ¹æ³, Pso2 æŠåšè¿·åœ© è€æ°, æå·æµ© éªæ¥é»è» æ ç», ã¢ãã³ãžã£ãŒãº ä»®è£ åäŸ, çœç« ãŠãŒã«ã¬ã¢ 幎霢, Paypal æµ·å€éé éåœ, äž ã€ã® 倧眪 éç¥ç éå, ãã¯ãŒãã€ã³ã ã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ å転 軞, ãã« ãã©ãœã³ ãµã4 ç·Žç¿é, Jrä¹å· è·¯ç·å³ å®®åŽ, ç·æŠç· è²šç© æ®åœ±å°, ãã¹ãŸã€ã 2020 æ±äº¬, åŽããªã圌女ã®è²ãŠãã å°èª¬ å šå·», ããã¡ è±èª 1æ³, ãžã§ãžã§ 6éš ã¢ãã¡ ç¡æ, ããªããš ã㥠ã©ãã¿ãã¿ æè© æå³, 楜倩ãã©ãã« å°åå ±éã¯ãŒãã³ é åžæ¹æ³, å©çŽæ茪 çžå Ž ãã£ãã¡ããŒ, ã¢ãªãšã« ç»å ã¢ã€ã³ã³, App Store æ¥ç¶ã§ããªã 2019 Mac, ãã« ãã©ãœã³ ãµã4 ç·Žç¿é, ã ã¿ãã¿ æ»ç¥ ã±ãŒã, èœå¢é»é æ¥ç ç·, 1990 幎 ãããæ² ã¡ãã¬ãŒ, ãã¿ã£ã ããã ãããŠã£ã³ 2019, ç·æŠç· è²šç© æ®åœ±å°, åå€å± ãã£ãºããŒã©ã³ã æ°å¹¹ç· æé, ã«ã¡ã©ã®ãã¿ã ã© ã¯ãŒã㳠楜倩, ãã€ããã€ã³ã ãã¡ãªãã çšé, Juju æ ç» äž»é¡æ æŽç», ãããŠã£ã³ã€ãã³ã 2020 æ±äº¬, 山梚 éåœ ã·ã§ãã, ãªãªãã¯ã¹ ã¢ã€ äºè», ããªãŠã¹ ããããªãŒäžãã 亀æ, Nttæ±æ¥æ¬ Cm æŽä»£,